Tellurian.



No. 659,253. Patented Oct. 9, |900. J. H. F. OTTO.

TELLURIAN,

(Application led Jan. 20, 1900.1

4 Shams-SheetV 2.

(No Ilodol.)

Nn. 659,253. Patented (Ict. 9, |900. J. H. F. UTTD.

TELLURIAN.

(Application mrs/d Jan. 20, 1900.\ (No Nudel.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

.THE Nonms Pinzas ca. mom-umn., wAsmNnTcm. o. c.

Patented Oct. 9, |900. J. H. F. OTTO.

TELLURIAN.-

(Applicatinn'led Jan. 20, 1900.\

4 Sheets-Sheet 4,

(No Modal.)

UNITED ASTATES JOHN n. FERDINAND OTTO,

OF MILVAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

TELLURIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 659,253, dated October9, 1900. Application led January 20, 1990. .Serial No. 2,191. (Nomodel.)

To all whom. t may concerner l Be it known that 1,J OHN HENRY FERDINAND'OTTO, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in thecounty of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Tellurians, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for the purpose ofillustrating` to the eye the real and apparent movements of the earth,exhibiting the ellipticity of the earths orbit, the position of the sun,the inclination of the pole to the plane of the ecliptic, and theconstancy of the pole during the entire yearly revolution, the phenomenaof eclipses, day and night, sunrise and sunset,

and the seasons, the varying declination of the sun, the equation oftime, and the motions and phases of the moon.

My invention is further explainedl by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a plan View of the tellurian, inwhich the relative position of the earth andits orbit to the sun isillustrated, also the relative position of the moon to the earth atseveral points in its orbit around the sun. Fig. 2 represents a top Viewof the earth. Fig. 3 represents the interior view of the lower half ofthe globe drawn at right" angles to the earths axis, in which is shown aclock mechanism, by which the tellurian is' 1 ofthe track which formsthe annular orbit The carriage and part of the mechanism for propellingthe earth along said track are also shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 representsthe earth at four points in its orbit and also indicates the angle ofthe earths axis to the plane of the ecliptic. Fig. 11 represents theWinding mechanism of the driving-gear. Fig. 12 is a i side View of theglobe, drawn at right angles to that shown Iin Fig. 5, illustrating theman'- Anerof supporting the annular ring which suri rounds the globe atthe equator and the parts connected therewith.

Like parts are identified by the same reference characters throughoutthe several views.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 represents the sun. 2 represents the earth, whichis indicated by dotted lines at the different positions-f3, 4, and 5-inits annular orbit around the sun. 6 and 7 are the rails of a track uponwhich the earth is supported in its annular orbit.

the annular tube 8 by the radial arms 9. The globe 2, representing theearth, is'supported upon the track from the standard ll gand lthecarriage 12. The carriage l2 is proivided with supportinglwheels 13 and14 and `gages upon the under side of the track to .prevent the carriagefrom becoming disengaged therefrom.

from the standard 11 through the disk 10, bevel-gear 17, and rod 18.

19 is a central track, the upper side of which `is provided with aseriesof teeth or a rack-bar i20, in which the driving-pinion 21 operates topropel the carriage around the track. Mo-

the clock-gear 22 through the arms 23 and 24, collar 25, shaft 26,universal joint 27, and shaft 28, whereby the pinion 2t, which is afofthe posts of the supporting-frame 30, Whiler The tracks 6 and 7are inturn supported from'` v 16 represents the moon, which is supported tionis communicated to the pinion 2l fromy .Xed to the shaft 28, is causedto rotate along' retaining-roller 15, which retaining-roller enits innerend is secured to the sleeve 42. 43 is a ratchet-wheel, which is rigidlysecured to said sleeve and turns with it as the drivingspring 29 iswound up. 44 is a pawl, which is pivoted to a stationary collar 45,projecting from the supporting-standard 11, while the free end of saidpawl engages the teeth of said ratchet 43. When desirous to wind up saiddriving-spring 29, a rotating movement is communicated to the sleeve 42from the winding-shaft 46 through the worm 47 and worm-gear 48, the worm-gear 48 being rigidly affixed-to said sleeve. VVhenthe spring 29 hasbeen thus wound, the worm 47 and winding-shaft 46 are removed by turningsaid worm-sh aft 46 backward until the worm is disengaged from theworm-gear, when the clockgear 22 is in condition to be operated. Thegear 31 is rigidly affixed to the supportingslandard 11 and remains atrest, while the other members of said chain of gears, together with theescapement and balance wheel, are supported from and moved with theframe 30, whereby said frame and the globe and other parts connectedtherewith are caused to rotate around said supporting standard 11. Thesupporting-frame 30 is rigidly afxed to the globe 2, which representsthe earth, and the movementof said gears is regulated so as to causesaid globe to perform one revolution on its axis once in twenty-fourhours, thereby representing the daily rotation of the earth on its axis.

The winding-shaft 46 is supported at its inner end from thegear-supporting frame 30 and at its outer end by the walls of the globethrough the inclosing shell 49, all of which parts rotate conjointlytogether. To provide for rotating the globe representing the earthindependently ot' the clock-gear, the supporting-shell 49 is preferablymade in two parts, which are telescoped together, as indicated at 50,whereby it is obvious that by removing the winding-shaft and the outerend of said supporting-shell 49 the globe may be rotated on its axisindependently of the driving-gear. When, however, the telescoping partsof said supporting-sleeve are coupled together, as indicated in Fig. 3,said globe is rotated only as it is driven by said driving-gear.

I have thus far described the action of the driving mechanism so far asit pertains to the daily and yearly movements of the earth.

Motion is communicated to the sphere 16, which represents the moon, fromthe shaft 26 through the worm 51, worn1-gear 52, shaft 53, gears 54 55,shaft 56, bevel-gears 57 and 17, disk 10, and locking-pin 59. Thedrivinggears, which are actuated by the shaft 26, are so proportioned inrelation to each other as to cause the sphere representing the moon toperform one revolution around the globe representing the earth oncewhile said globe performs thirty revolutions on its axis, thusrepresenting the monthly revolution of the moon around the earth. Ifdesirous to rotate the moon around the earth independently of with thedisk 10 by the pivotal joint 60, which permits the free end of said rodto move npwardly and downwardly, as required, to permit the alternateascent and descent of the moon to illustrate its changes of declension.This movement is effected through the encircling sleeve 6l, which issecured to the stationary flange 62 upon the opposing pivots 63 63, uponwhich pivots it is oscillated from time to time with each revolution ofthe supporting-rod 18 around the earth. Motion is communicated from saidmoon-su pporting rod 18 to said encircling sleeve 61 with eachrevolution of said rod 18 through the star-wheel 64, shaft 65, eccentric66, and the spiral spring 67, as follows: With each revolution of therod 18 around the earth it is brought in contact with one of the arms ofsaid star-wheel 64, whereby said star-wheel is rotated onesixth of arevolution, thereby actuating said eccentric 66, whereby as theeccentric presses downwardly upon said flange 62 one side of saidencircling sleeve 61 is raised and the opposite side is lowered, saidsleeve being oscillated upon its pivotal support 63. Thus it is obviousthat said encircling sleeve 61 will be gradually tilted farther andfarther with each movemen t of the star-wheel, until the eccentric 66reachesits lowest point,when by the further rot-ation of said eccentricsaid sleeve will be tilted in the opposite direction, it being held incontact with the surface ofsaid eccentric by the recoil of the spring67. Thus it is obvious that in View of the fact that saidmoon-supporting rod 18 rests of its own gravity upon the edge of saidoscillating sleeve said rod will be caused to rise and fall as saidsleeve is oscillated, and thus describe the required circles torepresent the alternate ascent and descent of the moon and its changesof dcclension.

68 is an annular index plate, which snrrounds the globe at its equatorand is supported at right angles to its axis from the standard 11 by thearms 80. The index-plate 68 is subdivided into twenty-four equal spacesbyindeX-lines and figures from 1 to 12, representing the twenty-fonrhonrs of the day, and as this index remains stationary while theglobe revolves beneath it the ligures at such index indicate the hoursof the day at any point upon the globe at any given time. Thesehour-spaces maybe again subdivided, as desired, into spaces indicatingthe half, quarter, or any other fraction of an hour.

The outside surface of the exteriortrack 7 is subdivided into threehundred and sixty-tive equal spaces, indicating the days of the yearfrom January l to December31. These spaces may be again subdivided intoequal spaces indicating the twelve months of the year, and

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the spaces indicating the days of each month are numbered to correspondwith the days of the month from l to 31, as shown in Fig. 5.

While the angles of t-he earths axis to the plane of thecarriage-supporting ltvrack,which represents the orbit of the eartharound the sun, remains substantially constant at abo-ut twenty-threedegrees, the inclination of the earths axis toward and fromv the sun ischanged at different points of such orbit. For exam ple, when the earthis at that point in its orbit indicated at December 21 in Fig. 1 thenorth pole of the earths axis is farthest from the sun and when it hasreached that point indicated at June 21 it is inclined toward the sun,and the position of the earths axis between such extreme points isgradually changed from one to the other as the earth passes around itsorbit, it being at intermediate points at March 2l and at September 21.This change of inclination of the earths axis is brought about byturning the standard 11 upon the carriage 12 one complete revolution onits longitudinal axis with each revolution of the earth and its supporting-carriage around its annular orbit. To produce such annularrotation of the earth and its snpporting-standard, said standard isprovided with a vertical sleeve 90, which is titted so as to revolve inan inclosing collar 91, formed therefor in said carriage l2. Thestandard l1 is also provided with a worm-wheel 92, which is rigidlyaffixed thereto and rotates with it. Motion is communicated to saidworm-wheel and standard, the globe, and other parts supported therefromfrom the toothed bar 2l) through the lantern-wheel 93,

shaft 94, beveled gears 95 96, and worm-A shaft 97, said connectinggears and mechanism being so timed and proportioned that the earth andearth -supporting standard will revolve one three hundred and sixtyifthof a revolution with each daily revolution of the earth on its axis,whereby the earths axis will remain constant toward the polar starregardless of the turning of the supporting-carriage, upon the track.

To facilitate the movement of the earthsupport-ing carriage upon itstracks, the rear end of the carriage is preferably supported from itscenter by the bar 75, which bar is secured to said carriage by thepivotal bolt 76, said pivotal bolt forming a joint which permits therespective endsiof said bar '75 to move backwardly and forwardly toconform to the curvature of the track without interfering with theproper movement of said carriage along the track and without throwingthe pinions of the carriage out of engagement with the rack-bar ofthe-track. The rear end of the carriage is supported on wheels 13. Tofacilitate inserting the driving mechanism of my apparatus in the globe,the same is formed of two separable parts A and'B, which are joinedtogether at C on a line corresponding with the equator, the contiguousedges of such parts being secured to the Yannular ring D, as indicatedin Fig. 4, by the pins a. The upper edge of the lower half of the globeis provided with a supporting bracket or spider E, the outer arms ofwhich are connected with said annular ring D, while the center isprovided with an aperture F for the reception of the collar 25, whichrotates upon the upper end of the supporting-standard l1. It is obviousthat by this arrangement the clock mechanism, being kept wound andproperly regulated, the earth will be caused, thereby to rotate upon itsaxis once in twenty-four hours, the moon will be caused to revolvearound the earth once in twenty-nine and onehalf or thirty days, withthe proper ascending and descending movements, while the earth and moontogether will be caused to pass around the sun once in three hundred andsixty-five days, while theearths axis will be caused to assume itsproper inclination toward and from the sun, corresponding substantiallyto the actual movements of such planets during the year.

81 is a circular rod which is supported from the annular ring 68 by kthearms 82 82 and the pivotal bearings 83 83, said pivotal bearings 83being located on a line parallel with the supporting-track, while thelower ends of said circular rod 81 are provided with weights 84 84,located below said pivotal bearings, whereby said rod is retained in thevertical position at right angles to the equator by the gravity of saidweights. The object of said circular rod is to casta shadow upontheearths surface and make the line of demarkation between night and daymore distinct than it would otherwise be, presuming the light to vbethrown upon the globe from the point l in Fig. l, it being obvious thatby locating a lamp at such point the light-and-shade eifect of the sunupon the globe indicating the earth will be clearly illustrated. Thefurther object of said rod 81 is io more clearly indicate theinclination ot the earth upon its axis toward and from the sun atdifferent points in its annular orbit. annular ring 68 and the otherparts suspended therefrom from turning with the earth or theearth-supporting standard, which parts have their independent rotarymovements beneath such ring, the same is connected with the carriage 12through the arm 98 orothersuitable means, whereby it is retained in thesame relative position to the carriage.

It is obvious that, if desired, the drivingspring and spring-actuatedclock-gear in the globe may be dispensed with and all the otheroperating parts actuated by simply pushing the globe-supporting carriagearound upon its supporting-track, in which event the desired movement ofthe earth and moon will be communicated to such parts from the rackbar19.

I am aware that a globe representing the earth in a tellurian haspreviously been actuated from a common central point of a true Toprevent the.

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circle around a globe representing the sun. By my improvement, however,owing to the fact that the operating mechanism is located in the globeitself and has no mechanical connection with the central point aroundwhich it revolves, it is free to move in an elliptical coursecorresponding with the actual movement of the earth in its orbit aroundthe sun.

Having thus described myinvention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a tellurian, the combination of a globe representing the earth; aglobe representing the sun; a circular track representing the earthselliptical orbit around the su n; a carriage mounted upon said circulartrack; a revoluble standard supporting said globe from said track; arack-bar supported by said track, parallel with the plane of movement ofsaid carriage; a rack-pinion having journalbearings in said carriage andoperatin g in said rack-bar; a spring-actuated clock-gear located insaid globe; and means for communicating motion from said clock-gear insaid globe to said rack-pinion; and from said rackbar back to saidglobe, whereby said carriage and globe are driven around and upon saidelliptical track regardless of its varying distance from the globerepresenting the sun, while the earth is rotated upon its own axis andsuch axis is retained at the proper inclination to the plane of thetrack, substantially as and for the purpose specitied.

2. In a tellurian, the combination of aglobe representing the earth; atrack representing the elliptical orbit around the sun; a carriagemounted upon said track; a revoluble standard supporting said globe fromsaid carriage; a rack-bar supported by said track, parallel with theplane of movement of said carriage; a rack-pinion havingjournal-bearings in said carriage and operating in said rack-bar; aspring-actuated clock-gear located in said globe; a hollow standardsupporting said globe from said carriage; a shaft communieating from thedriving mechanism in said globe through said standard to the drivingmechanism of said carriage; a sphere representing the moon, supported bya revoluble disk from said standard; and means for com- 1n unicatingmotion from said standard to said revoluble disk, whereby the sphere,represenling the moon, will be actuated by the ro; tation of said shaftand said carriage simultaneously driven upon said track; and means forcommunicating motion back from said rack-bar to said revoluble standard,substantianlly as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a tellurian, the combination of a globe representing the earth; acircular track representing the earths orbit around the sun; a carriagemounted upon said circular track from which said globe is revolublysupported; a rack-bar supported by said track, parallel with the planeof movement of said carriage; a rack-pinion having j ournal-bearings insaid carriage and operating in said rack-bar; a

spring-actuated clock-gear located in said globe; a hollow standardsupporting said globe from said carriage; a shaft communieating from the-driving mechanism in said globe through said standard to the drivingmechanism of said carriage; a sphere representing the moon, supported bya revoluble disk from said standard; means for communicating motion fromsaid standard to said revoluble disk, whereby the sphere representingthe moon will be actuated by the rotation of said shaft and saidcarriage simultaneously driven upon said track; a pivotal jointconnecting the moon-supporting rod with said revoluble disk; anencircling sleeve pivotally supported at opposite sides to a fiangeprojecting from said standard; and means for tilting said encirclingsleeve upon its pivotal support, from time to time, with each revolutionof the sphere representing the moon, around the earth, substantially asand for the purpose specified.

4. In a tellurian, the combination of a revoluble globe representing theearth; a circlilar track representing the earths orbit; aglobe-supporting standard revolu bly supported from said carriage; arack-bar supported by said track, parallel with the plane of movement ofsaid carriage; a rack-pinion having journal-bearings in said carriageand operating in said rack-bar; a revoluble shaft communicating from thedriving mechanism in said revoluble globe through said standard, to thedriving mechanism of said carriage; a sphere representing the moon,revolubly supported from said globe-supporting standard; means forcommunicating motion from said revoluble shaft to the sphererepresenting the moon; and means for communicating motion from saidrack-bar to said globe-supporting standard and globe, whereby thespheres representing the earth and moon may be actuated from therack-bar of said carriagesup porting track, independently of the drivingclock-gear, substantial] y as and for the purpose specified.

5. In a tellurian, the combination of a globe representing the earth; anannular dial-plate surrounding said globe on its equator, pivotallysupported from the globe supporting standard, and provided with indexmarks or characters representing the daily and hourly movements of theearth upon its axis; a circular track representing the earths orbitaround the sun; a carriage mounted upon said circular track, from whichsaid globe is revolubly supported; a rack-bar supported by said track,parallel with the plane of movement of said carriage; a rack-pinionhaving journal-bearings in said carriage and operating in said rackbar;a spring-actuated clockgear located in said globe; a hollow standardsupporting said globe from said carriage; a shaft communicating from thespring-actuated clock-gear in said globe through said standard, to thedriving mechanism of said carriage; a sphere representing the moon,

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supported by a revoluble disk from said standard; and means for communicating motion from said standard to said revoluble disk, whereby theglobe, representing the moon, will be actuated by the rotation of saidshaft and said carriage simultaneously driven upon said track,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. In a tellurian, the combination ot' a globe representing the earth;an annular dial-plate surrounding said globe on its equator, pivotallysupported from the globe supporting standard, and provided with indexmarks or characters representing the daily and hourly movements of theearth upon its axis; a circular track representing the earths orbitaround the sun; an index-plate located upon said globe-supporting track,representing the monthly and daily subdivisions of time of the annularmovement of the earth in its orbit around the sun; va carriage mountedupon said circular track, from which said globe is revolubly supported;a rack-bar supported by said track parallel with the plane ofmovesupported by a revoluble disk from said standard; and meansfoncommunicating motion from said standard to said revoluble disk,whereby the sphere representing the moon will be actuated by therotation of said shaft, and said carriage simultaneously driven uponsaid track, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

J. H. FERDINAND OTTO.

Witnesses:

HERM. J HUoKE, JOHN MAHKORN.

